The following is a list of publications which have made use of the meteorological data from Armagh Observatory. The list is by date of publication.

Lloyd, H. 1854.
Note on the meteorology of Ireland deduced from the observations made in the year 1851 under the direction of the Royal Irish Academy,
Trans. R. Irish Acad. Part I - Science 22, 411-498.

Scott, R. H. 1870-1883.
Hourly readings from the self recording instruments at the seven observatories, in connection with the Meteorological Office,
H. M. Stationery Office, London.

Scott, R. H. 1881-1910.
Meteorological Observations At Stations of the Second Order,
H. M. Stationery Office, London.

Grew, S. 1951.
Meteorology at Armagh Observatory: general notes and study of rainfall,
Irish Astron. J. Vol.1, 230-237.
Full Paper - PDF

Lindsay, E.M. 1959.
Note on the behaviour of a grass minimum thermometer,
Irish Astron. J. Vol. 5, No.8, 218-220.

Rackliff, P.G. February 1965.
Summer and winter indices at Armagh,
Weather, Vol.XX, No. 2, 38-44

McNeill, I. March-June 1980.
A Century of Irish Summers,
IAJ, Vol.14, No. 5/6, 165-176
Full Paper - PDF

The Meteorological Office, March 1983.
The Climate of Northern Ireland
Climatological Memorandum 23
Full Paper - PDF

Butler, C.J. and Hoskin, M. A. 1987.
The Archives of Armagh Observatory,
J. Hist. Astron. 18, 295
Full Paper - HTML

Butler, C.J. 1990.
Seeing Stars - Two hundred years of astronomy in Armagh,
A catalogue for an exhibition to commemorate the Bicentenary of Armagh Observatory, Armagh Observatory Special Publication, 102pp
Full Paper - HTML

Butler, C.J. 1994.
Maximum and Minimum Temperatures at Armagh Observatory, 1844-1992, and the Length of the Sunspot Cycle,
Solar Physics 152, 35
Full Paper - PDF

Butler, C.J. and Johnston, D.J. 1994.
The Link between the Solar Dynamo and Climate - the Evidence from a long Mean Air Temperature Series from Northern Ireland,
Irish Astron. J. 21, 251
Abstract

Butler, C.J. and Johnston, D.J. 1994.
Solar activity and climate change - new evidence from Northern Ireland,
The Irish Scientist No. 2, 14.

Butler, C.J. and Johnston, D.J. 1996.
A Provisional Long Mean Air Temperature Series for Armagh Observatory,
J. Atmosph. and Terrestrial Phys. 58, 1657
Full Paper - PDF

Butler, C.J. 1996.
A two-century comparison of Sunspot Cycle Length and Temperature - the Evidence from Northern Ireland
in 'The Global Warming Debate', Report of the European Science and Environment Forum, ESEF, 215

Bromage, B.J.I. and Butler, C.J. 1996.
Climate Change in Mid-latitude Western Europe over the past Two Centuries - possible links to Solar Activity (preliminary results),
proc. 16th NSO/Sacramento Peak International Summer Workshop "Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances", October 1995 ASP Conf. Ser. 95, 472
Abstract

Bromage, B.J.I. and Butler, C.J. 1997.
Local climatic effects of energetic particles impinging on the atmosphere,
Proc. 31st ESLAB Symp. "Correlated Phenomena at the Sun, in the Heliosphere and in Geospace", Sept. 1997, ESTEC, ESA SP-415, p 259-264.

Wilson, R.M. 1998.
Evidence for solar-cycle forcing and secular variations in the Armagh Observatory temperature record 1844-1992,
J. Geophys. Res.

Betts, N.L. 1997.
Climate. in "Soil and Environment: Northern Ireland",
J.G Cruickshank (ed) Dept. Agric. NI, Belfast, 63-84.

Coughlin, A.D.S. and Butler, C.J. 1998.
Is urban spread affecting meteorological observations at Armagh Observatory,
Irish. Astron. J. 25, 125-128
Full Paper - HTML

Butler, C.J., Coughlin, A.D.S. and Fee, D. 1998.
Precipitation at Armagh Observatory 1838-1997,
Proc. Royal Irish Acad. Biology and Environment 96B, 123-140.
Full Paper - PDF

Wheeler, Dennis A. 1998.
The Bantry Bay Incident, December 1796: An example of climate influences in the age of sail,
Weather, Vol.53, No.7, pp.201-209, 1998.

Wilson, R.M. 1998.
Volcanism, cold temperature and paucity of sunspot observations (1818-1858): A connection?,
J. Geophys. Res.

Wheeler, Dennis A. 1999.
The destruction of the French warship Droits de l'Homme, 14 January 1797: The climatic background to a famous event in English naval history.
Weather, Vol.54, No.5, pp.135-141, 1999.

Butler, C.J. 2000.
Global Warming - Man or Nature,
in Weather and Agro-Environmental Management, Proc. Agmet Millennium Conference, Feb. 2000, D.A. McGilloway (ed) Met. Eireann, Dublin, p68-78.
Full Paper - PDF

E. Palle Bago and Butler, C.J. 2000.
The Influence of Cosmic Rays on Terrestrial Clouds and Global Warming
Astronomy and Geophysics 41, 4.18-4.22 (2000)
Abstract
Full Paper - PDF

Butler, C.J. 2001.
Cyclic behaviour in the precipitation of England, Wales and Ireland,
proc. conf. Long Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere, Pune, India, February 1999. Beig and Gufran (eds) Vol 2, 244-249, New Age International, New Delhi.

Palle Bago E. and Butler, C.J. 2001.
Sunshine Records from Ireland, cloud factors and their link to Solar Activity and Cosmic Rays,
Int. J. Climat. 21, 709-729.
Full Paper - PDF

Palle Bago, E. and Butler, C.J. 2001.
Sunshine, Clouds and Cosmic Rays. The Solar Cycle and Terrestrial Climate,
Proc. of the first SOLSPA Euroconference, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Sept. 2000, ESA Special Publication SP-463, A. Wilson (ed). p147
Full Paper - PDF
Full Paper - Postscript

Butler, C.J. 2001.
The Climate Archive of Armagh Observatory,
The Irish Scientist 2001 Year Book, C. Mollan (ed) p 75.
Full Paper - PDF

Palle, E. and Butler, C.J. 2002.
The proposed connection between clouds and cosmic rays: Cloud behaviour during the past 50-120 years,
J. Atm. Sol-Ter Phys. 64, 327-337.
Full Paper - PDF
Full Paper -Postscript

Palle, E. and Butler, C.J. 2002.
Comparison between sunshine records and synoptic cloud observations: A case study for Ireland,
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (in press)
Full Paper - PDF
Full Paper - Postscript

Hickey, K.R. 2002.
The storminess record from Armagh Observatory 1796-1999,
Weather (in press)
Full Paper - HTML
Paper without figures - MS Word

A. M. García-Suárez, C.J. Butler, D. Cardwell, A.D.S. Coughlin, A. Donnelly, D. T. Fee, K. R. Hickey, B. Morrow and T. Taylor
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory from 1795 to 2001:
Volume 1 - Daily, Monthly and Annual Rainfall 1838 - 2001
Full Paper - PDF
Full Paper - PostScript

Editors: A. Smyth, W. Ian Montgomery, David Favis-Mortlock and Simon Allen
Implications of Climate Change for Northern Ireland: Informing Strategy Development
The Stationery Office Bookshop 2002
Full Paper - PDF

Barry McAuley
Climate Change Indicators for Northern Ireland
Environment and Heritage Service Publishing Unit 2004
Full Paper - PDF

E. Pallé, C.J. Butler and K. O'Brien
The possible connection between ionization in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and low level clouds
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66 (2004) 1779–1790
Full Paper - PDF

Neil Ogle, Chris S.M. Turney, Robert M. Kalin, Louise O'Donnell and C. John Butler
Palaeovolcanic forcing of short-term dendroisotopic depletion: The effect of increased solar intensity on Irish oak
Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 32, 2005
Full Paper - PDF

C.J. Butler, A. M. García-Suárez, A.D.S. Coughlin and C. Morrell
Air Temperatures at Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland, from 1796 to 2002
Int.J.Climatol. 25: 1055-1079 (2005)
Full Paper - PDF

Harkin DW, O'Donnell M, Butler J, Blair PH, Hood JM, Barros D'Sa AA.
Periods of low atmospheric pressure are associated with high abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture rates in Northern Ireland.
Ulster Med J. 2005 Sep;74(2):113-21.
Full Paper - PDF

K.R. Hickey
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory:
Volume V - The Storm and Gale Chronology 1796-2002
Armagh Observatory Climate Series Vol 5
Full Paper - HTML
Full Paper - PDF
Full Paper - Postscript

A. M. García-Suárez and C.J. Butler
Soil Temperatures at Armagh Observatory, N. Ireland, from 1904 to 2002
International Journal of Climatology Vol 26, Issue 8, pp 1075-1089, 30 June 2006
Full Paper - 337K PDF

A. M. García-Suárez, C.J. Butler, B. Morrow
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory:
Volume 4 - Daily, Monthly and Annual Soil Temperatures 1904-2002
Armagh Observatory Climate Series Vol 4
Full Paper - 4.8MB PostScript
Full Paper - 1.7MB PDF
Daily data file for above paper as: 990K PostScript file or 551K PDF file

T.J. Ansell, P.D. Jones, R.J. Allan, D. Lister, D.E. Parker, M. Brunet,
A. Moberg, J. Jacobeit, P. Brohan, N.A. Rayner, E. Aguilar,
H. Alexandersson, M. Barriendos, T. Brandsma, N.J. Cox, P.M. Della-Marta,
A. Drebs, D. Founda, F. Gerstengarbe, K. Hickey, T. Jónsson, J. Luterbacher,
Ø. Nordli, H. Oesterle, M. Petrakis, A. Philipp, M.J. Rodwell, O. Saladie,
J. Sigro, V. Slonosky, L. Srnec, V. Swail, A.M. García-Suárez,
H. Tuomenvirta, X. Wang, H. Wanner, P. Werner, D. Wheeler, E. Xoplaki
Daily mean sea level pressure reconstructions for the European - North Atlantic region for the period 1850-2003
Journal of Climate 2005
Full Paper - 2.3MB PDF

C.J. Butler, A.M. García-Suárez, A.D.S. Coughlin and D. Cardwell
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory:
Vol 2 - Daily, Mean monthly, Seasonal and Annual, Maximum and Minimum Temperatures, 1844-2004
Armagh Observatory Climate Series Vol 2
Full Paper - 9.9M Postscript
Full Paper - 368K PDF
Tables - 1.7MB Postscript
Tables - 753K PDF

A.M. García-Suárez, E. Park, C.J. Butler, K. Hickey and A. Grant
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory:
Vol 3 - Meta-data, 1796-2003
Armagh Observatory Climate Series Vol 3
Paper, inc. Tables 1 and 2 - 118K Postscript
Paper, inc. Tables 1 and 2 - 50K PDF
Table 3 - 117K Plain text
Table 4 - 117K Plain text

C.J. Butler, A.D.S. Coughlin, D.J. Johnston, D. Cardwell and C. Morrell
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory:
Vol 6 - Daily, Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperatures at Armagh Observatory from Series I (1796-1882) including the Dunsink Patch (1825-1833) and Series III (1844-1964)
Armagh Observatory Climate Series Vol 6
Full Paper - 57MB Postscript
Full Paper - 1.3MB PDF

C.J. Butler, M. Emerson, A. M. García-Suárez, E. Pallé and S.T. Kelly
Meteorological Data recorded at Armagh Observatory from 1795 to 2004:
Volume 10 - Daily, Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Hours of Bright Sunshine 1880 - 2004
Full Paper - 1.3MB PDF

C.J. Butler
Possible Observations of Noctilucent Clouds by Thomas Romney Robinson
Weather, May 2006, Vol. 61, No 5, p 143-144
Full Paper - 476KB PDF

Moberg et al
Indices for daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe analyzed for the period 1901 - 2000
Journal of Geophysical Research, November 2006, Vol. III, D22106
Full Paper - 3.4MB PDF

P.J. Croxton, K. Huber, N. Collinson and T.H. Sparks
How well do the Central England Temperature and the England and Wales Precipitation series represent the climate of the UK?
International Journal of Climatology, 26: 2287-2292(2006)

Robert M. Wilson and David H. Hathaway
Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844–2004
NASA/TP—2006–214434
Full Paper - PDF

C.J. Butler, A. García-Suáez and E. Pallé
Trends and Cycles in Long Irish Meteorlogical Series
Proc. Royal Irish Acad. Biology and Environment
Full Paper - PDF

Robert M. Wilson
Statistical Aspects of the North Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones: Trends, Natural Variability, and Global Warming
NASA/TP-2007-214905
Paper - PDF

Brian O'Connor
Report of the use of Armagh Observatory meteorological data - Total cloud amounts - in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funded study on satellite remote sensing of vegetation seasonality in Ireland
Report - PDF

Steven J. Milloy
"Global Warming" at a glance
JunkScience Web Site - HTML

R. Arlt
The solar observations at Armagh Observatory in 1795-1797
Astronomical Notes 330, No. 4, 311-316
Full Paper - PDF

Ilya G. Usoskin, Kalevi Mursula, Rainer Arlt, and Gennady A. Kovaltsov
A Solar Cycle Lost in 1793–1800: Early Sunspot Observations Resolve the Old Mystery
Astrophysical Journal, 700:L154–L157, 2009 August 1
Full Paper - PDF

A.M. García-Suárez, C.J. Butler, M.G.L. Baillie
Climate signal in tree-ring chronologies in a temperate climate: A multi-species approach
Dendrochronologia, Volume 27(3), pages 183-198
Full Paper - PDF

C.J. Butler and A.M. García-Suárez
Relative Humidity at Armagh Observatory, 1838-2008
Int. J. Climatol. 32: 657–668 (2012)
Full Paper - PDF
Full Paper - MS Word

C.J. Butler
Climate Change - a personal view
Irish Met. Soc. Newsletter, Series 2, Edition 3. November 2010
Full Paper - PDF

Stanhill, G.
The role of water vapor and solar radiation in determining temperature changes and trends measured at Armagh, 1881-2000.
J. Geophys. Res. 116, D03105
Full Paper - PDF

C.J. Butler & A.M. García-Suárez
A Long Relative Humidity Series for Armagh Observatory
Its relevance to the occurrence of 19th century potato famines in Ireland and atmospheric warming in the 20th century
Proceedings of the Tyndall Symposium, September 2011, Dublin. Royal Irish Academy and Environmental Protection Agency
Extended Abstract - PDF

Stephen D. Galvin, Kieran R. Hickey and Aaron P. Potito
Identifying volcanic signals in Irish temperature observations since AD 1800
Irish Geography, 44:1, 97-110
Full Paper - PDF

Karen L. Aplin
Smoke emissions from industrial western Scotland in 1859 inferred from Lord Kelvin’s atmospheric electricity measurements
Atmospheric Environment 50 (2012) 373e376
Full Paper - PDF

John A Stevenson, Susan C Loughlin, Anna Font, Gary W Fuller, Alison MacLeod, Ian W Oliver, Ben Jackson, Claire J Horwell, Thor Thordarson and Ian Dawson
UK monitoring and deposition of tephra from the May 2011 eruption of Grímsvötn, Iceland
Journal of Applied Volcanology 2013, 2:3
Full Paper - PDF
Supplementary Figures - PDF
Supplementary Materials - PDF
Detailed air quality monitoring methodology - PDF